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Edith Head: Hollywood’s Costume Designer

 

https://dvew4etk36zxg.cloudfront.net/DESIGNING_WARTIME.mp3

 

DESIGNING FOR WARTIME  

“This year a woman has a new duty, as her wardrobe must reflect the spirit of sacrifice through its adaptability. It must reflect the spirit of determination through its lack of ostentation. This sacrifice, enthusiasm, and determination will make the woman behind the man in the defense lines a willing and inspirational factor in winning the war.” – Edith Head, 1942 

During World War II, costume designers had to overcome the limitations of fabric rationing and do without ribbons, pleats, cuffs, and frills. Luxurious imported fabrics were impossible to get and unless they incorporated already-used costumes, they had to forget about satin, velvet, and extravagant fabrics. Two-piece skirt suits became popular during WWII for women’s wardrobes as they could be worn in different ways. Women were also entering the workforce at unprecedented numbers, further contributing to the new looks that dominated the decade’s films.  

Along with war stories, crime dramas and film noir (a variety of Hollywood crime film popular in the 1940s and ’50s) took audiences into the cynical and dark world of conmen and dangerous dames. Reflecting the disillusionment and cynicism many Americans felt during and after WWII, film noir often employed shadowy lighting effects, seedy environments, and an overall melancholic, pessimistic tone. 

All of these factors especially suited Head’s design aesthetic, leading to many of her most memorable looks. 

 

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https://d1p2sdq4k97jxk.cloudfront.net/020_DISENANDO_PARA_TIEMPOS_DE_GUERRA.mp3

 

DISEÑANDO PARA TIEMPOS DE GUERRA 

“Este año, una mujer tiene un nuevo deber, ya que su guardarropa debe reflejar el espíritu de sacrificio a través de su adaptabilidad. Debe reflejar el espíritu de determinación mediante su falta de ostentación. Este sacrificio, entusiasmo y determinación harán que la mujer detrás del hombre en las líneas de defensa sea un factor voluntario e inspirador para ganar la guerra”. – Edith Head, 1942 

Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los diseñadores de vestuario tuvieron que superar las limitaciones del racionamiento de tela y prescindir de cintas, pliegues, puños y adornos. Telas lujosas importadas eran imposibles de conseguir y, a menos que incorporaran trajes ya utilizados, debían olvidarse del satén, terciopelo y telas extravagantes. Los conjuntos de dos piezas con faldas se volvieron populares durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial en el guardarropa femenino, ya que podían llevarse de diferentes maneras. Además, un número sin precedente de mujeres ingresaron a la fuerza laboral, contribuyendo aún más a los nuevos looks que dominaron las películas de la década. 

Junto con las historias de guerra, los dramas criminales y el cine negro (un género popular de películas de crimen en Hollywood en las décadas de 1940 y 1950) llevaron a la audiencia al mundo cínico y oscuro de estafadores y damas peligrosas. Reflejando el desencanto y cinismo que muchos estadounidenses sentían durante y después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el cine negro a menudo empleaba efectos de iluminación sombría, entornos sórdidos, y en general, un tono melancólico y pesimista. 

Todos estos factores especialmente encajaron bien a la estética de diseño de Head, dando lugar a muchos de sus looks más memorables. 

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