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Edith Head: Hollywood’s Costume Designer

 

https://dvew4etk36zxg.cloudfront.net/DESIGNING_FOR_HOME_HAYS_CODE.mp3

 

DESIGNING FOR THE HOME AND THE HAYS CODE 

Edith Head would frequently need to design costumes for film scenes portraying private situations, such as preparing for bed or sleeping in the comfort of home. These scenes are usually intimate bedroom scenes, with women shown alone or in romantic situations featuring their partners. These costumes often depict unrealistic Hollywood ideals—women must be glamorous, sexy, and perfectly put together even when in the solitude of their home (or even when sleeping). They wear luxurious loungewear and nightgowns with matching accessories and perfectly styled hair and makeup.  

Simultaneously, costume designers like Head were battling Hays Code censorship, which was the film industry’s self-imposed moral guidelines that were released in 1934 and lasted until 1968, when it was replaced by the film rating system we know today. The Hays Code determined what could be portrayed on screen, but also promoted traditional values. Profanity, graphic or realistic violence, suggestive nudity, and sexual explicitness were all prohibited, which for costume design meant no cleavage or semi-nudity, especially in bedroom scenes.  

Enter the lounging ensemble—part robe, part negligee, part fancy pajamas, the lounging ensemble was Hollywood’s solution. 

 

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https://d1p2sdq4k97jxk.cloudfront.net/016_DISENANDO_PARA_LE_HOGAR.mp3

 

DISEÑANDO PARA EL HOGAR Y EL CÓDIGO HAYS 

Edith Head frecuentemente necesitaba diseñar vestuario para escenas cinematográficas que retrataban situaciones privadas, como prepararse para ir a la cama o dormir en la comodidad del hogar. Estas escenas suelen ser escenas íntimas de dormitorio, en las que se muestran mujeres solas o en situaciones románticas con sus parejas. Estos trajes a menudo representan ideales poco realistas de Hollywood: las mujeres deben ser glamurosas, sexys y perfectamente vestidas incluso en la soledad de su hogar (o incluso mientras duermen). Visten lujosos atuendos caseros y batas de noche con accesorios a juego, además de llevar el cabello y el maquillaje perfectamente arreglados. 

Al mismo tiempo, los diseñadores de vestuario como Head enfrentaban la censura del Código Hays, que eran las directrices morales autoimpuestas de la industria cinematográfica lanzadas en 1934 y que perduraron hasta 1968, cuando fue reemplazado por el sistema de clasificación de películas que conocemos hoy. El Código Hays determinaba lo que podía ser representado en pantalla, pero también promovía valores tradicionales. Se prohibía la profanidad, la violencia gráfica o realista, la desnudez sugerente y la expresividad sexual, lo que para el diseño de vestuario significaba evitar escotes o semi-desnudez, especialmente en escenas de dormitorio. 

Entra en escena el conjunto de salón, parte bata, parte negligé, parte pijama elegante; el conjunto de descanso fue la solución de Hollywood. 

 

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